What is a Maximal Error-Detecting Capability of a Formal Language? Stavros Konstantinidis We introduce the concepts ``maximal error-correcting capability'' and ``maximal error-detecting capability'' of a given formal language (set of words), with respect to a certain class of combinatorial channels. A combinatorial channel is a set of pairs of words describing all the possible input/output channel situations. This paper is mainly intended to obtain basic general results on these new concepts and discuss possible research directions with an emphasis on the problem of computing maximal error-detecting (or -correcting) capabilities of a given regular language.