This program illustrates the use of the STL partial_sum() algorithm (extended
version) from <numeric> to find the "running totals" of integer values stored
in a vector of integers and computed using

newOutputValue = 2 * oldOutputValue + newInputValue

and to write those computed values out to the same vector of integers.
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Here are the initial values in the vector:
1 2 3 4 5
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And here is the same vector after the "partial sums"
have been computed and the original values overwritten:
1 4 11 26 57
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The iterator p returned by the algorithm points to
the end of the ouput container.
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