This program illustrates the use of the STL upper_bound() algorithm (extended
version) to find the upper bound location of a given target value in a vector
of integers ordered in the sense that one integer precedes another if the digit
sum in the first is less than the digit sum in the second.
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Here are the contents of v:
21 13 31 40 5 51 25 52 70 8 62 71 45 54 55 82 38 56 65 92 39 48 75 49 59 88
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Upper bound of 85 in v = 59
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Upper bound of 96 in v = 88
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Upper bound of 73 in v = 38
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Upper bound of 1 in v = 21
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Note that the upper bound location of 99 is
the end (one-past-the-last) vector position.
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