This program illustrates the use of the algorithms count_if(), for_each(), and
transform() (from <algorithm>) and also shows the use of a programmer-defined
"predicate function", as well as the built-in function object negate<int>()
(from <functional>).
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Contents of vector v, displayed using for_each()
and a programmer-defined Display() function:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Using a programmer-defined predicate function and count_if(),
we find the number of odd integers in the vector: 5
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Next we divide all values by 2, using a programmer-defined function
for integer division, combined with transform():
0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
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Finally, we negate the current values, again using
transform but this time with a built-in function object:
0 -1 -1 -2 -2 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5
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